Online Examination Portal

INTRODUCTION About The Project The project, â€Å"Online Examination Portal† aims at creating a common platform for the college administration to conduct online (objective) examination for students of every semester of the institution on a regular basis or in regular intervals of time as desired by the administration. With this site, the institute can register and host online exams. Students can give exams and view their results. This site is an attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual system of conducting exams.Purpose The client here, the college administration uses MS Excel, and maintains the student records, however it is not possible them to share the data from multiple system in multi user environment, there is lot of duplicate work, and chance of mistake. When the records are changed they need to update each and every excel file. There is no option to find and print previous saved records. There is no security; anybody can access any report and sensitive data, also no reports to summary report.This Online Examination Portal is used to overcome the entire problem which they are facing currently, and making complete atomization of manual system to computerized system. Students can give exam without the need of going to any physical destination. They can view the result instantly at the end of the examination session. Thus the purpose of the site is to provide a system that saves the efforts and time of both the institutes and the students.What is Online Examination Portal all about? Online Examination Portal is a web application that establishes a network between the institutes and the students. Institutes enter on the site the questions they want in the exam. These questions are displayed as a test to the eligible students. The answers given by the students are then evaluated and their score is calculated and saved. This score then can be accessed by the institutes to determine and evaluate their performance.

Disadvantages of Phenotypic Methodologies

To start with, phenotype is defined as the visible characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment(Encarta 2008). Phenotypic methodology has many advantages and disadvantages and this essay talks about the dis advantages . The fact that most laboratories can do an automatic DNA makes genotyping testing more available than phenotyping. First and foremost the test is not usually readily available and accessible making the time for the outcome of the result to be prolonged and inevitably long.Phenotypic methods for most drugs does not have clinically significant cut off to differentiate sensitive and resistant isolates and this has not been delineated for most of the drugs. From the first principle, genotyping is less complex, faster, and less expensive than phenotyping. Another disadvantage is that certain changes in resistance mutation detected by genotyping are not sometimes detected by phenotyping. Such changes might be th e prime step in the path to high-level resistance, and detection of these mutations might stimulate a change in therapy in a patient with detectable plasma viremia.Therefore phenotypic methodologies may not be able to determine a minute shifts in the susceptibility that follows the existence of only one or more mutation which may lead to decreased drug effect. A good example is the 74V and 90M mutation in the sequinavir and didanosine respectively. Phenotypic method is applied to differentiate isolates based on the phenotypic appearances which are a corollary of genetic composition.The method has a low discriminating range within same species and therefore has been applied only within same variety of organisms. Numerous phenotypic methodologies have been suggested for use in discriminating among various groups of bacteria. These include biochemical tests (Olsen etal 1992)), phage susceptibility (Zierdlt etal 1980)), outer membrane protein profiles (Barekam etal 1981), antibody react ivity (Valsalovic etal 1994), fimbriation (Latham and Stamm 1984), bacteriocin production and susceptibility, and other methods.However, these systems have serious disadvantages, including unstable phenotypes, low sensitivity at the intraspecies level, and limited specificity. However, a few phenotypic methods have been used successfully as bacterial source tracking (BST) methodologies. Phenotyping that is dependent on the biochemical properties could be expensive and waste a lot of time . In this method the basal metabolic rate of the organism is greatly affected by the growth parameters and conditions.Some variables used in the biochemical approach can also give rise to false discrimination. A good example is the L monocytogen which did not provide a coherent and reliable outcome making the use of antimicrobial susceptibility not to be encouraged while dealing with these bacteria. Phenotypic characteristics are not usually reproducible as they are manifestation of genetic expressi on and this is affected largely by the prevailing growth parameters.Phenotypic methodology despite advantages is not without its own limitation and setbacks as it is difficult under this method to determine and establish clinically remarkable value for the prediction of the virology response. It also has a notable problem of handling making it limited. It solely depends on the specific specimen storage, conveyance method and preparation. When specimen are improperly handled this may lead to false positive and negative data interpretation results.The DNA from virus while using the method can be desecrated from unprofessional handling in the laboratory. It must be noted that both the genotypic and phenotypic approaches study and examine the most important viral quasispecies. Another disadvantage of phenotypic methodology is that in case of a virus that the proof of its resistance to drug has been established and that has been selected by previous treatments with drugs or has been acqu ired by initial transmission ,if another resistant strain of such virus develop again, it may not be detected by this method.Furthermore, when dealing with the Human immunodeficiency virus for example, any collected sample with copy of the virus less than 500 RNA more often than not will not generate results. In other words, the method is not sensitive to a minor variant case. The phenotype method also relies on the replication of the amplified gene sequences using the polymerase chain reaction and as such the possibility of cross contamination is highly plausible and this may occur with or without appropriate technique and carefulness.It is therefore advised for this reason that an outcome that does not tally with the present clinical state or previous treatment of patient is an indication for repeating the resistance test. In conclusion, phenotypic method has several disadvantages in that it is highly variable, due to environmental factors that lead to variation in gene expression , it has poor reproducibility and the discriminatory power is unsatisfactory. It may also falsely associate unrelated isolates and conversely when only a tiny and narrow framework of biochemical tests are used.

Language is a loaded weapon Essay

Language is that knowledge held by native speakers which, combined with the use of expressive faculties, enables them to communicate in spoken and written forms. Language is creative it can create ambience i. e. harmony, strife and war depending on how we use it, and the intentions of the user. Man is a complex being – each individual made so by unique & common experiences, which colour not only our reception/perception and interpretation of data but also influence our delivery. The way people deliver a message can alter the way we think, our understanding, perception, or approach. Language can be used honestly or dishonestly. To convey truth or to pervert truth, to persuade, to convince, to control, to unite, disunite, to make something clear or to mystify. Language is the tool we use to communicate. Its not just words it includes N. V. C (Non Verbal Communication, signals that we give out in the way we stand and move our body). Some interpretation of language is done at a subconscious level, instinctively. When interpreting the encoder’s message we consider his/her motivation. What are they trying to achieve? i. e. The way in which someone is listening or watching can indicate to you whether or not they are interested, disliking or are bored with what you are saying. You notice this on a subconscious almost subliminal level. If you are the encoder you adjust the way in which you speak so as the receiver decodes your message properly and doesn’t misunderstand what you have said. For example if you shout at someone they may get the impression you are angry with them, however you may have raised your voice to ensure they can hear you. To decode successfully many other aspects have to be considered about the encoder’s background, culture, belief system etc, over and above their motivation. Tone, pitch, volume, intonation, speed, hesitation, accent, emotion, even hormones, all affect both delivery and reception. Hence language is not a neutral tool; it is inadvertently biased in thousands of ways. All mankind is guilty of this fault. A clear example of this is propaganda, mass media, political persuasion, even the way history is written. For example in The Mirror after the September 11th incident, they produced a front page with the heading â€Å"My son the hijacker†. The way this title is worded makes you sympathise with the Mother, and shows us that the hijackers where not just people that had nothing to live for and no family, but people that had families. The subheading to this title was â€Å"I did not bring up my son to hate†¦ he was a good, kind, young man not an evil killer. † This brings reality to the fact that you think you know who and what type of person your son/daughter is, but then a tragic thing like this happens and you find out that perhaps you don’t really know who and what your child is really like. Another example that language is a loaded weapon is in The Sun’s October 4th paper, on page 11 there was a heading â€Å"Scouts leader ‘let boy, 10, die on mountain. † Your first reactions and emotions to this title are anger, hatred and spite towards the scout leader for letting a 10-year old boy die on a mountain. You then read on, to find out that the leader left the boy unsupervised at the rear of the group as they descended Mount Snowdon. This headline favours the boy, where as if the paper were writing in the favour of the leader you would perhaps have a heading more along the lines of â€Å"A young boy strayed on the descent of mount Snowdon, slipped and fell 500ft to his death. † This is an excellent example to show that â€Å"Language is a loaded weapon† this shows us that by simply changing the way in which this title is worded, creates a whole different perspective to the article. It can persuade you to feel sorry for the family of the boy and hatred towards the scout leader or to show consideration to the leader that the boy may have strayed from the path himself, slipped and fallen. Therefore language can be used to manipulate what you feel and in some ways is used to control you. Newspapers tell you what they think you should know not what you would like to know. An example of this was in the Daily Mirror 13th January 1996 page 7. A heading and its article entitled â€Å"Gulp! † took up nearly the whole of the page compared with a little box in the left hand corner which had the heading â€Å"Girls-raped by gang of 14. † When a few years later a similar thing happens to a boy this gets front-page news with the title of â€Å"A gay gang rapes boy, 19† from The Sun. The way these articles have been positioned and the amount they have had written on them manipulates what the mass media wants us to know. The way the second article is written shows us that the media try to control what we think. The heading itself creates a lot of emotions even though his age is given as nineteen, the word ‘boy’ is what immediately grabs your attention and causes your imagination to see a small child rather than a young man. Therefore taking in to consideration all these examples you find that language is not only a loaded weapon but is also â€Å"one thousand ways biased. † It can be used to manipulate what we think and what we think we know. We are told what to think and not asked to think about what we are told.

Quality & safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quality & safety - Assignment Example All workers should compete compulsory annual training to demonstrate competency with uphold a state and healthy environment. Ongoing continued an education program also strengthens these specific work related skills. The background of Care Safety map provides strategy and actions to encourage a secure environment of concern for the patients and a protected job environment for the staff (Institute of Medicine, 2004). In addition, the map delineates nursing protection programs that meet regulatory requirements of federal, state and local government agencies. The patient subcommittee drives activities designed to meet the patient safety goals through initiatives focusing on issues such as infection control, equipment safety, bed safety, and medication safety. Nurse motivated improvements to the ill-health concern are many, and include strengthening of fall- prevention policies, concentration to best practices in pain management and medication safety (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Promoting the staff safety; Nurses in the critical care unit should be early acquainted with the responsibilities and standard required in that area. Nurses should also be exposed to control and sharp injury prevention program. The environmental services effort to uphold sanitation of the patient heed and job environment should be the key to infection control and safety as well as the pleasing feeling of the patient care areas. Nursing staff and managers have major effort outline flow, ensure space for both patient care and administrative functions hence promoting suitable position of equipment and property, in the renewal designs; to help categorize the

Financial Decision Making Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Decision Making - Coursework Example The price earnings ratio measures the relationship between stock dividend payout and a stock’s market price in order to compare a stock’s performance against any other stock. One can also use earnings per share in order to determine how a company compares to another in terms of current dividend paid. This two key investment ratios can only be used with company’s that are publicly traded and issue stocks Additionally there is a wealth of investment advice and current company profiles and analysis available on the internet, which make the task of choosing an investment much easier for the private investor. For a company that is not publicly traded, an individual must use other forms of financial analysis in order to determine what the best investment option is and how much the required rate of return needs to be in order to justify the risks associated with a specific company. We have been presented with three individual companies as possible investment alternative s none of the companies are publicly traded. The three possible investment choices are: 1) Acme Consulting-Although the initial investment of the company is low at $50,000,the company will be a start up venture so the risks related to the investment are always highest with a new company. Acme will be a management consulting firm with a high level of expertise and experience specializing in marketing and distribution of high technology products and solutions in the international market. The initial operating focus for the company will be the European and Latin American markets and the American market for foreign clients. Acme will provide high value services at the highest costs the market will bear the company will be targeting primarily large manufacturers of high technology products such as IBM, Apple and HP as potential clientele. 2) Interstate Travel Center- Is also a start-up company which will consist of a will be full service truck stop and service center to be located in Tex as. The initial start up costs for the project will be 2.75 million in order to buy the land and build the 6,000square foot facility which will include a restaurant, convenience store, gas/ diesel islands and service facilities and amenities. The required capital investment will be $250,000 from an investor/s and a 2.5 million loan. 3) Silvera and Sons- This is a successful well establish business dedicated to the distribution and exportation of premium Brazilian Arabica Coffee beans. Its main customers are premium American specialty roasters and wholesale to the local Brazilian market. For the last six years demand for the company’s products has exceeded capacity, so the company has had to refuse a lot of larger shipments, therefore losing a lot of potential sales and customers. The company wants to expand their production capacity in order to fulfill the additional demand. The company is confident that they will be able to sell all additional production of their premium Ara bica beans. Since the investment will be used to fulfill the demand for their products, and it is a successful profitable company, it seems that the safest investment for an individual would be to invest in Silvera and Sons. Although it was not required in this assignment to calculate the discount rate for each company, I took the initiative in my research of learning how to calculate the discount rate. In order to calculate the required rate of return or discount rate one must determine what the risk free interest rate is, the average market return, market risk premium

Food allergies and intolerances research paper Essay

Food allergies and intolerances research paper - Essay Example This study will help identify variables that cause the disorders and analysis of these factors will help rectify and solve the research problem to a great extent, which in turn shall reflect on the intellectual productivity of the student community. Variable is any event, behavior or situation that has at least two values. There are three types of variables namely dependent, independent and moderating variable. Dependent variable changes or varies on account of changes in other variables and is usually the main problem of research. Independent variables influence the dependent variable. This is often called the intervention or treatment. Moderating variable has an effect on the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Seven variables have been identified in the problem namely Among the seven variables The eating disorder is the dependent variable. Pathogenic infection, metabolic disturbance, unhygienic food preparation, junk foods are independent variables that influence the dependent variable. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables. As discussed an independent variable influence the dependent variable. ... Pathogenic infection, metabolic disturbance, unhygienic food preparation, junk foods are independent variables that influence the dependent variable. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables. As discussed an independent variable influence the dependent variable. An analysis of the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable gives a great insight on the problem. Any pathogenic infection by oral portal of entry causes enteric disorders .For example, typhoid, cholera, amoebic dysentery and viral hepatitis are food and waterborne infections that cause enteric disorder. Any infection in turn causes a metabolic disturbance of some order. Unhygienic food preparation always leads to food borne infections and Junk food causes both infection and metabolic disturbance. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables whose presence or absence will determine to a great extent the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. For exampl e lack of awareness always leads to indiscriminate eating habits and thus disorders. Regular physical exercise gives a good immune system, which gives protection against the disorders. The relationship that exists between these variables can be diagrammatically represented as follows; Infections,Metabolic disturbance, Unhygienic - Leads Eating Disorders Food preparation, Junk food Dependent variable Independent variables Yes Physical exercise no

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Reaction paper - Essay Example The justice system of the Third Reich was infamous in its trial less execution of the unwanted peoples as a Final Solution. The creation of concentration camps ensured that these people were taken down efficiently – their bodies were scavenged for hair and their physical labour was employed to accomplish war tasks. Once these people were unable to support themselves for basic daily tasks it was simple for them to be classified as unwanted. These unwanted people were subsequently subjected to gas chambers after which their bodies were burnt. David Cole like other revisionists tries to underpin this major truth by presenting evidence that can hardly be used to stake any claim. In most other cases, Cole is presenting refutations of evidence presented to support the holocaust theory. The absence of mass graves could result simply from the fact that the bodies were burned in order to dispose of them efficiently. These burnt corpses served as excellent fertiliser and there was no need to bury them or to be concerned of diseases spreading from rotting corpses. The unaccounted for souls in the Second World War were not only Jews, Poles or other races but human beings first and

The Quality of Aircraft Traffic Control at Dubai International Airport Essay

The Quality of Aircraft Traffic Control at Dubai International Airport - Essay Example This research tells that Dubai international airport, one of the largest growing airline hub in the Middle East established in order by the ruler of Dubai Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum in 1959 that days, the first airfield construction consists of runway, a terminal building and fire a station in the Al Garhoud area which was the edge of Dubai city back in 1960. The airport opened and started handling aircraft, expansion, and development of Dubai. Nowadays the airport has expanded and accommodates airline serving thousand destinations and the reveal of domestic airline and passenger growth in UAE make the Dubai geographic location airport one of the fastest growing major hubs and among the worlds top 5 airports in terms of international passenger and cargo traffic. With this expansion, there is a need to study the quality of traffic control and areas where improvements can be made. The research study will involve interviews, and questionnaire with air traffic control ATC and air port council ACL at Dubai airport and runway Maintenance Company survey and collect and analyze data through the author’s experience while working in fly emirates maintenance hangars will help me to gather information and idea inside and outside of the airport building. In this process of data collection, the researcher will design the questionnaires. Validated questionnaires from past research materials in books and the internet will be guides for designing the questionnaires. These questionnaires will be administered to thirty respondents randomly. While administering the questionnaires, the study group will be interviewed. The questions for the interviewee will be those in the questionnaire. This process will be able to countercheck the information in the questionnaires and also this will help further inform the respondents on the correct way to fill the questionnaire. This process will increase the validity of the data collected.

Evaluate a range of current leadership theories and models to reflect Essay

Evaluate a range of current leadership theories and models to reflect current thinking and explain the impact of those syles to different sub-divisions , organi - Essay Example Taking into account several features there have appeared 5 major models of leadership at least in the Western society. Later we will see leadership in the Eastern society, but now let’s look at a classification of leadership according to the following main characteristics as summarised by David Boje (2003): Charismatic inspiration - attractiveness to others and the ability to leverage this esteem to motivate others; Preoccupation with a rà ´le - a dedication that consumes much of leaders life - service to a cause; A clear sense of purpose (or mission) - clear goals - focus – commitment; Results-orientation - directing every action towards a mission - prioritizing activities to spend time where results most accrue; Optimism - very few pessimists become leaders; Rejection of determinism - belief in ones ability to "make a difference"; Ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them - delegate in such a way as people will grow; Rà ´le models - leaders may adopt a persona that encapsulates their mission and lead by example; Self-knowledge (in non-bureaucratic structures); Self-awareness - the ability to "lead" (as it were) ones own self prior to leading other selves similarly. One common attribute that signals any leadership is vision. This element is universally looked for in any kind of leadership. Vision is a fundamental force that moves the followers towards a goal. This vision is supposed to have the following characteristics in order to be effective according to the Wikipedia (2005): Paul D. Gardiner (2005) makes a simple distinction between Scientific and Administrative Managements: â€Å"Scientific management focuses on the one best way to do a job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the organisation.† The pioneers in the Scientific Management movement are Frederick W. Taylor (1856- 1915), husband and wife team Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lillian Gilbreth

How Technology in the Workplace has shaped Outsourcing and Essay - 1

How Technology in the Workplace has shaped Outsourcing and Globalization - Essay Example ivilization or Christianity, but the real objective, according to Thurow & Lessard (2002), was to exploit the untapped resources of poorer countries so the richer countries can enhance their wealth. Probably because of this striking resemblance between colonization and latter-day globalization, analysts saw globalization coming as early as the mid-19th century. One of them was Karl Marx, who perforce warned of dire consequences: â€Å"It will make the poor poorer because it will bring down wages, increase class and country inequality, create monopolistic companies with global dimension and create economic collapse in places characterized by social, economic and political instability (Mahdavi, 2004).† Marx in his Das Kapital even expressed fear of â€Å"religious terrorism† as a possible reaction to the concept of globalization. These are exactly the same social concerns that many are raising to intersperse with the chorus of praise for the otherwise welcome benefits of technology as represented in today’s world by computers and the Internet. The questions that this paper seeks to satisfy are: Has any of Marx’s predictions come true? While technology is generally viewed as a good thing, are there any downsides to the resulting globalization that fostered business outsourcing? The information revolution as we know it traces its roots to the family computer that made video games possible. Then in mid-1970s, the electronic principle that made the family computer work was successfully expanded through a gadget that came to be known as personal computer. The personal computer with its subsequently developed Internet capability was soon hailed as a device that revolutionized information dissemination in a much bigger way than the telephone. Whereas the telephone established connection between only 2 or 3 nodes, the Internet allows simultaneous exchange of information in digital form among a limitless number of nodes. The economic impact of the