Deer hunting Essay Example for Free

Deer hunting Essay Today deer hunting is one of the most popular types of hunting in South Georgia. Although there are several ways to hunt deer, the two most frequently used are rifle hunting and bow hunting. Both are a great way to spend the day hunting, but there are a few differences between the styles. The cost of rifle hunting is significantly higher due to the equipment needed. Some rifles can cost as much as two thousand dollars. With some additions to the rifle, like scopes costing just as much as the rifle itself; some rifle packages can range over five thousand dollars. Ammunition is also a high cost in rifle hunting. Boxes of ammunition can range up to twenty five dollars and can not be reused. The cost of bow hunting is lower than rifle hunting due to the low cost of the equipment. Most bows range between five hundred to a thousand dollars. The arrows for the bow can be sometimes be more costly than ammunition if a high quality arrow is purchased. However unlike the rifle ammunition, the arrows can be reused many times before they start to lose their effectiveness. The rifle hunting season does not start right when deer season actually begins. The deer are still abundant, but you are not able to hunt the first few weeks of deer season. The woods are also crowded with hunters during rifle season since more hunters rifle hunt than bow hunt. Bow hunting season starts right when deer season starts and gives you the opportunity to beat the crowds to the woods. This is a great time of the season to really enjoy the hunt without having to worry about running into another hunter. Since the big deer seem to be more prevalent during the first few weeks of the season; you may have the chance to see that big buck that you always wanted to see. Using a rife does increase your accuracy and range. With the proper scope, the rifle can have up to five times the range of a bow. However, wind speed  down range can affect the path of the bullet. It can sometimes be hard to discern what the wind is doing three hundred yards away from you. However since the rifle is so powerful, your aim does not have to be perfect to kill the deer. Using a bow means decreased accuracy and range. Bows do not typically come with scopes, but with open sights. This means that you rely on your eyes to line up the cross hairs versus a scope doing it for you. Wind direction and speed has an impact on arrows also. However since the range is limited, you can judge by the wind around you. This means it is easier to adjust for the wind shifting. Since a bow is less powerful the accuracy of the shot has to be near perfect to make a kill. Using a rifle during hunting also requires less skill as a hunter. Since the accuracy is so high at long ranges, stealth is not as crucial. A small understanding of the deer’s natural habits is needed. Since you have distance on your side you don’t have to be concerned so much over whether or not the deer can smell you or not. Rifle hunting is also considered one of the easier types of deer hunting and is used a lot by beginners. Using a bow however requires a lot more skill as a hunter. Since the accuracy and range of the bow is limited, you find you have to be extremely close to the deer to make a shot. Camouflage and stealth are critical elements in achieving this. You also have to have a fair amount of knowledge about the deer itself. Since the deer can smell you at this range you have to understand how to avoid the deer getting your scent. Bow hunting is considered a little harder and is used by seasoned hunters. Rifle hunting and bow hunting both will make your day more enjoyable no matter which one you choose. Rifle hunting will give you the assurance of knowing you can kill your first deer. However bow hunting will give you the thrill of the hunt and make you long to come back the next day to get that one you missed. After all, that’s why they call it hunting.

Gretes Transformation in The Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay -- essays r

Kafka wrote "The Metamorphosis" in 1912, taking three weeks to compose the story. While he had expressed earlier satisfaction with the work, he later found it to be flawed, even calling the ending "unreadable." Whatever his own opinion may have been, the short story has become one of the most popularly read and analyzed works of twentieth-century literature. Isolation and alienation are at the heart of this surreal story of a man transformed overnight into a kind of beetle. In contrast to much of Kafka's fiction, "The Metamorphosis" has not a sense of incompleteness. It is formally structured into three Roman-numbered parts, with each section having its own climax. A number of themes run through the story, but at the center are the family relationships affected by the great change in the story's protagonist, Gregor Samsa. Grete,Gregor’s sister, undergoes a transformation parallel to her brother’s. The relationship between Gregor and his sister Grete is perhaps the most unique. It is Grete, after all, with whom the metamorphosed Gregor has any rapport, suggesting the Kafka intended to lend at least some significance to their relationship. Grete's significance is found in her changing relationship with her brother. It is Grete's changing actions, feelings, and speech toward her brother, coupled with her accession to womanhood that seems to parallel Gregor's own metamorphosis. This change represents her metamorphosis from adolescence into adulthood but at the same time it marks the final demise of Gregor. Thus, certain symmetry is to be found in "The Metamorphosis." While Gregor falls in the midst of despair, Grete ascends to a self-sufficient, sexual woman. It is Grete who initially tries conscientiously to d... ... express lost human reality better than dreams do of animal satisfactions (Thiher 44). Grete Samsa's changing actions, feelings, and speech toward her brother, coupled with her accession to womanhood, parallel Gregor's own metamorphosis. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publications, 1988. Nabokov, Vladimir. Lectures on Literature. Orlando: Harcourt Inc., 1980. Ryan, Michael P. â€Å"Samsa and Samsara: Suffering, Death, and Rebirth in ‘The Metamorphosis.’† The German Quarterly 72. No.2. 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. Davis Schwartz Memorial Lib., Brookville, NY. 5 Dec.2006. . Thiher, Allen. Fiction Refracts Science: Modernist Writers From Proust to Borges. Columbia University of Missouri Press, 2005.

Effects of Enzyme

Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Biology Introduction In order to understand the activity of enzymes at different temperatures the ability of the enzyme to function can be measured. This is important in many applications such as Polymerase Chain Reaction for forensics as well as genetics research where manipulation of temperature-dependent enzymes allows for replication of DNA segments. Bennett states, â€Å"when the energy – measured as heat – increases in a chemical reaction the energy increases the reaction speed and reaction rate. (1969) This happens until a threshold though in many biological processes where positive energy input no longer increases reaction speed due to the inhibition of other factors – in this experiment that factor is the degradation or denaturing of the protein complex that is the enzyme working to catalyze the reaction. One would make the hypothesis that for any given enzyme there is a minimum reaction rate which increases with tempera ture then at a maximum point begins to be less and less efficient as the enzyme form no longer works to catalyze the reactions with its given substrates.Materials and Methods After obtaining five clean test tubes and labeling them in order one through five, each were marked at one centimeter and at four centimeters from the bottom with a permanent marker. Next, the potato juice/catalase extract is added to each tube to the one centimeter mark. The following portion of the experiment was in segments for each tube. Tube one was placed in an ice-bath by adding ice and water in a 250ml beaker. Tube two was placed in the tube rack on the lab bench in a room temperature environment.Tube three was placed in a water bath at 50 degrees celsius, and tube four was set in the 70 degree celsius water bath. Tube five was placed in a boiling water bath of a beaker on the hot plate while wearing goggles for protection. Each tube was then left in the conditional environment for ten minutes. The temp erature of the boiling water, room temperature, and ice bath were measured by thermometer. After the ten minutes I used the thermometer to measure the temperatures of the room, ice, and boiling water. Then, after adding water, waited 30 seconds until the foaming in the tube, stopped.The measured the amount of foam was recorded. Results After all the appropriate steps were taken, a table was created and I recorded each temperature that was in the tube and foam height as well. The temperate and the foam height were both recorded to see the resemblance and results concluding the temperature effect on enzymes. An example of my results are recreated as seen below (numbers and titles are accurate and the same as lab test) As shown in the table A, temperature and foam height is represented by different color lines on the graph. The purple line, represents temperature. The blue line represents foam height (mm).As the temperature rose, the heigh of the foam decreased. This did not support my hypothesis. My hypothesis clearly stated,† If the temperature is really high, then the foam will rise highly. 50 degrees will be have the most amount of foam. † This hypothesis was not supported because the highest amount of foam was found at 0 degrees. The enzymes reached optimum temperature, and then denaturing took place. In comparison to another lab, the same results occurred. Campbell Neil from students. cis stated, â€Å"The higher the concentration of substrate, the faster the reaction rate. † This made my hypothesis invalid. DiscussionAlthough my hypothesis was not correct, the lab results agree with previous literature on the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. According to Susan Gilbert, â€Å"Enzymes are sensitive to their environmental conditions. Up to a point, the rate of the reaction will increase as a function of temperature because the substrates will collide more frequently with the enzyme active site. At extremes of pH or temperature, e ither high or low, the native structure of the enzyme will be compromised, and the molecule will become inactive†(2009). Enzymes are very sensitive and do the opposite of what most chemical reactions in this case.According to the Worthington Biochemical Corporation, â€Å"A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%† (2012). This furthers the conclusion that when the temperature rose the foam height decreased and the reaction was less intense. Table A. Bibliography Bennett. 1969. Modern Topic in Biochemistry 43-45 Campbell, N. 2002. Biology, 6th ed. : Enzymes 300-340 Cummings. 1998. Biology in the Laboratory: Temperature and enzymes. 1-9, 10-20 Gilbert, S. 2002. â€Å"Enzymes. † Biology Vol. 2. 3-9 ———————– [pic]

Xxsf - 6605 Words

BEC1 STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION (CHAPTER 1 – MUNRO E-BOOK) Know the definition of population, sample, parameter, statistic Be able to identify and/or provide examples of descriptive statistics inferential statistics Know the properties of be able to identify or provide examples of quantitative vs. categorical variables BASIC CONCEPTS (CHAPTER 2 – MUNRO E-BOOK) Know the definition of data, individuals, variables, independent variable, dependent variable, random assignment, treatment group, and control group. Know the properties of the 4 levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) Know the properties of discrete and continuous variables Know and understand the properties that distinguish experimental methods from†¦show more content†¦What is a Spearman correlation coefficient? Know the difference between Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Know when to use the Spearman? What assumptions have to be met to use Pearson? What is a scatterplot? Be able to inte rpret one /or construct one Be able to identify positive negative linear relationships from a scatterplot Know the difference between linear non-linear (curvilinear) relationships Know how to compute a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) Know how to interpret a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) Know how restriction of range, non-linearity, outliers affect r Know how to write H0 and HA for testing the significance of a correlation Be able to write out an interpretation of a hypothesis test for an r SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION (CHAPTER 14 – MUNRO E-BOOK) What is simple linear regression? Know what is meant by â€Å"least-squares regression line† What do the points along a least-squares regression line represent? What is an error (residual) in regression? Know the equation for the least-squares regression line Know conceptually what the slope coefficient (b) represents Know conceptually what the intercept (a) represents Know how to find a predicted value for a particula r value of X Know what r2 is