Capital Punishment In History Essays - Capital Punishment, Penology

Capital Punishment In History Many people support the death penalty, and a lot of them use the defense that comes from the Bible: an eye for eye, and a limb for a limb. I on the otherhand believe otherwise. Punishment by death, in my opinion, is a very barbaric way of penalization . In the world, it is known that at least 2500 prisoners are executed in at least 37 different countries, on an annual basis. There will be various statistics, opinions, history, and background information discussed through out the residuum of this thesis. The history of the death penalty, dates back to the days of Hammurabi and his code to the days of the present. The methods nowadays are certainly different, but the objective and goal has remained the same. The earliest known date of any form of organized capital punishment was in 1750 B.C., with Hammurabi and his code. The Bible prescribed death for more than 30 different crimes, including: murder, treason, theft, arson, and rape, to name a few. In the Medieval Times, treason ( grand and petty ) murder, larceny, rape, and arson were all crimes recognized as punishable by death. During the reigns of King Canute and William the Conqueror, it was not used at all. By 1800, though, more than 200 crimes were construed as punishable by death, but most were commuted by a royal pardon. In the American Colonies, in the years before the Revolution, it was commonly for a wide variety of offenses. Near the end of the 18th century, though, efforts to abolish it arose in Europe. It was led mainly by the Quakers, who believed in non-violence all together. Then when influential documents arose, it prompted and inspired the great French philosopher, Voltaire, to oppose it publicly. At the present there are many fundamental questions raised pertaining to the fact that with the death penalty intact and fully operational, isn't the government condoning killing. Also, isn't the government being kind of hypocritical when they say taking a human life is bad, but then they go ahead and do exactly the opposite of what they are saying? One of the axiomatic questions erected is: "Whether the death penalty is more effective than life-time imprisonment?". Also, is it an effective deterrent to future violent crimes? Defenders point out that since taking a life is more severe than any sentence imaginable, it must be the right and just thing to do. Public opinion in the United States supports it by more than a 2 to 1 ratio. They, also, point out that there is no other adequate hindrance in life imprisonment that is effective for those who commit heinous crimes inside or outside of the prison walls. On the flip side of the coin, the opposers say that in adjacent states in which one has it and one doesn't, there is no long term significant differences in murder rates and amplitude. Also, and this seems hard to believe, but states that use the death penalty actually show higher murder numbers than states that do not. When a local execution occurs, the murder rates do not fluctuate at all, they stay the same. There are literally thousands of ways to kill someone or something. But only about 10 of those are used in conjunction with the death penalty, itself. Many of those thousand are considered barbaric and uncivilized by today's standards . There are usually specific procedures for each execution method, to ensure a quick and painless death. There are nine methods of execution that I will now discuss. The first is crucifixion. Crucifixion was most likely first used in the 6th century B.C. and was last used in approximately the 4th century A.D. Most notably, it was used on Jesus Christ in the year 33 A.D. It is where the person is nailed to a cross for as many hours as it takes them to die from loss of blood. The second is boiling in oil. Boiling in oil usually occurs after a severe beating has been administered. It burns the cuts and open wounds, it is truly a very painful way of death. Death by boiling in oil is considered savage by today's society. The third is death by beheading. It was used commonly during the Medieval days. Usually some form of torture is performed beforehand. Some tortuous acts include: partial hanging, taking out and destroying of the innards, and incinerating. It can be carried out with either an ax or a guillotine. For an example, watch the movie,

Compare And Contrast Language Essay Example

Compare And Contrast Language Essay Example Compare And Contrast Language Essay Compare And Contrast Language Essay Both text A and text B are published online Each text describes cultural misunderstandings They each describe cultural misunderstandings *Students would benefit from reading either text A or text 8 Students would benefit from reading either text *Neither text A nor text B gives enough evidence to support their claims Neither text gives enough evidence to support their claims *Note the either or neither nor structure Form Three Sentence connectors to link two independent clauses Comparison Contrast too but also although similarly however likewise whereas while in contrast on the other hand Start or middle position Although / whereas / while text C is the longest, text A uses more complex language. Text C is the longest, although / whereas / while text A uses more complex Middle position Text C is the longest but text A uses more complex language. Text C focuses on cultural communication. Likewise/ Similarly text B looks at intercultural communication. Text C is the longest. In contrast,/On the other hand,/However, text A uses more complex language. Text C is the longest; in contrast,/on the other hand,/however, text A uses Middle or end position Cultural communication is the focus of text B and also text C. Cultural communication is the focus of text B and text C also. End position Cultural communication is the focus of text B and text C too. Text C focuses on cultural communication. Text A looks at intercultural communication too.

System Information Management, Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

System Information Management, - Assignment Example investment, deployment of the effective human resource, and sphosticated technology establshment are intended for facilitating corporate operations managemnt, effective data handling, decision making and resource handling. Furthermore, the implementation of information systems has become essential for every organization that handles overall organizational business information and management process. This report is aimed at analyzing and the IS/IT infrastructure implementation at Makkah Municipality. This report will provide the analysis of different aspects of the new information systems and information technology infrastructure implementation at Makkah Municipality. Makkah Municipality is one of the major city management departments in Middle East in terms of size and capacity. In addition, Makkah is the Islamic center for Muslims and it is most sacred place for Muslims. In month of Zill-Hajj more than 10 million people visit Makkah. This amount of visitor exceeds all through the year. The main roles and responsibilities of the Makkah Municipality are: In the effective management of all the above given problems we Makkah Municipality needs some new technology that is based on IS/IT. According to (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 18), an information system gathers, performs operations, stores, evaluates, and distributes information for a particular function. Similar to any other system, an information system consists of inputs (such as instructions and data) and outputs (reports, calculations). In addition, it carries out operations on the inputs by using technology like PCs and develops outputs that are delivered to users or to other systems by means of electronic networks (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 18). A management information system is a function or utilization of information system that offers management oriented reporting. These reports are typically developed or produced on a predetermined schedule and come out in a

Contemporary Europe and the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Europe and the world - Essay Example In this context Rebecca West, once famously remarked, â€Å"‘I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is. I only know that people call me feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat or a prostitute.’† (West ; Walters, 2005, p. 1) It is clear from her statement that though feminism contains certain basic structure but since last two centuries it has encompassed such a wide range of activism that both perception and approach of common people towards it has changed to a great extent. Apart from its basic elements, feminism as a theory also includes different approaches and outlook of common people towards life. Barbara Smith, in the year 1979, tried to define Feminism as, â€Å"†¦the political theory and practice to free all women; women of color, working-class women, physically challenged women, lesbians, old women, as well as white economically privileged women.† On the one hand, feminism includes racism, sexism, cast differentiation and color discrimination and on the other it encompasses social, political and cultural approaches. Thus, it can be concisely said that racism is a particular philosophical approach, which conveys the theme of women liberty from any forms of social oppression. Different people have separate approaches towards feminism and they also feel in different ways about treatment of women in the society. The European feminist intellectuals may be largely accredited with the realization of the goals of feminism in the twentieth century in Europe. Their standpoint certainly helped the European women to fight to a great extent, against all forms of social oppressions biased towards their sex. Historically, emergence of feminist ideas in Europe occurred quite a long time back. During the French revolution first wave of feminist movement can be perceived as the idea that

Junk Van Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Junk Van - Case Study Example This study highlights that Kingo is worried about the fact that he is not able to feel the pulse of business. Indeed, the original idea was to create a company that would not have a physical office. At first, this seemed to be as a great way to save money that otherwise would have been used for rent. In addition to that, this kind of organization allowed great flexibility of the staff. In other words, having a virtual office was regarded as a positive aspect of the firm. However, later Kingo notices that he cannot keep track of all the actions happening in the company. In addition to that, he could not see the processes in the real time. All this significantly decreased effectiveness of his managerial influence on the company.From this paper it is clear that if a customer paid in cash or using a cheque, the drivers would have to return to the customer in order to bring one the necessary documentation and receive the money. It is obvious that while doing so, they drivers wasted their time that they could have used to visit a different customer and increase the volume of waste that they processed during the way. In other words, the drivers did almost twice as much job that they had to. One would make no mistake suggesting that it would not be effective to make all the customers to pay using their debit cards since that would scare off some part of the potential clients. On the other hand, if this pattern is not changed, the drivers will continue wasting their valuable time.

Energy Is The Most Important Resources

Energy Is The Most Important Resources Energy is the most important of all resources, while sustainability concept is focuses on the long term survival of communities. The energy and sustainability had to be balance up. Ecological studies include the result of resource consumption and the technology systems have to move toward sustainability. Basically energy can be divided into renewable and non-renewable energy. Energy and sustainability had become an important aspect and current issue around the global. Energy is an important and essential to continuing the economic growth and generates the wealth of the country. Natural resources are one of the resources that human consume to generate the energy. But the most important issue is how technology can contribute to generating the solution maintaining sustainability. Energy production, primary and end-use of energy and quality of energy are the important aspect while discussing the energy resources and use. The main energy production mostly comes from fossil fuels, by converting them into a suitable final form of energy supply and used by the people. Other than that other energy sources such as thermal sources and hydroelectric sources and nuclear sources are being consumed by the nation. The quality of the energy, a well planning and strategies of use of energy is required in order for the energy in the planet to be sustainable. Furthermore the most important is the renewable energy sources must be develops and improves. On the other hand, the side effect of the consumption of the energy such as resource depletion, waste management, and the destruction of the environment must take into consideration. New Resource Sustainability involves practical recognition of the need for global and intergenerational equity, and sustainability is a necessary concept to focuses on the long-term survival of communities. In practice, sustainability involves social, political, economic, and environment aspects. The important of technology development is to increase the labor productivity and miniaturization. The quality of life, standard of living, and the latter had increasing the tension in the society. Due to the awareness of the limits to economic growth has focused attention on the ways of improving the quality of life, without increasing resource consumption. Engineers need to be participating in the associated debates, partly to ensure that they are well-founded technically. Energy Resources and Use Energy is the most important of all resources. The unlimited availability of fossil fuel can no longer be taken as given .Pricing of resources that look into account the cost of synthesizing them when economically viable resources have been depleted would see quite different approaches to energy policy. The resources used for the production of electricity are coal, natural gas, crude oil, nuclear, hydroelectric, and geothermal. The effectively use of limited resources is essential, because it able to minimizes the output of carbon dioxide and waste heat, both are potential threats to the stability of the biosphere. Coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear electricity are all associated with significant pollutants or hazardous byproducts. The resources are also nonrenewable, meaning that the world will, sooner or later, completely consume the energy source. Nuclear power supply is able to supply further fissionable material, but the technical and cost problem is still present, which seek to identify and take account of all the cost involved, including the environment impacts. Primary energy sources can be convenient for handling and stockpiling, and it may necessary to convert into other type of energy forms, in which they are finally used as end-use energy. Thermal energy can be produce in the form of work, or work output by subtracting any heat wasted or rejected from the heat input. In real situation process heat is wasted, so is a need to have a definition of efficiency that quantifies losses in the conversion process. The exergy of a system is the maximum amount of useful work that could be obtained from the system at a given state in the specified environment. The process is undertaken and work extracted until the output is maximized. The exergy destroyed is proportional to the entropy generated and is a measure of the irreversibility of a process. An important consideration when choosing the energy for any application is the energy quality. There are mainly three criteria to be considered. First is the ease of extracting the energy, second is the ease of transporting and storing the energy, last but not lease is the ease of transforming the energy from one form to another. In processing plants heat and the electricity is needed, the efficiency of the system can be increased by burning fuel to generate steam at higher temperature and pressure than is required by the process. Beside that some form of high-quality energy can be converted directly into electricity without use of a heat transformation cycle. Energy Use-Energy Information Administration The demand for end-use energy varies considerably with time. The pattern and degree of variability reflect geographical location and contain a random element relating to the weather. There is also variation corresponding to the hourly usage pattern. Basically electricity can be divided into relatively constant base load and highly variable peak load. Electricity cannot be store. One means of storing electrical energy is pumped storage. In thermal power station, when the demand of electricity is high, the water will allow to run down through turbines, and converting the potential energy into electricity. For most part, it is necessary to match electricity supply to demand by appropriate selection and running of generation plant. Gas turbines are particularly flexible in operation. They can run on oil and natural gas, and the fuel can be changed during running. Furthermore, the open cycle gas turbines do not need a supply of cold water for cooling. The gas turbine can be used with a steam turbine to produce a combined cycle lead to a very efficient unit. The gas turbine can withstand high combustion temperature, and the exhaust heat from the gas turbine is then used to raise steam for a steam turbine cycle. In marketing and other commercial analyses, environmental damage is often treated as an externality. As a result it tends to overused, because most economic decision are make by the operator of private companies that do not pay for environment benefits. Good energy planning is able to develop a mechanism that ensures that the environment damage is minimized and any damage that occurs is charged against the organization. Local decentralized energy system able to reduce energy lodes because smaller system have shorter lead times and respond more effectively to unexpected changes in demand pattern. Due to substantially increase in RD, a new generation of large turbo generators would be significantly more efficient in consumption of fuels, resulting in a reduction in green house effect. Least-cost planning is one of the methods that could be applied. It suggests that the cheapest way to meet energy needs is to open the market. Apart from that lifestyle changes is another factor that effect on energy consumption. Automobile engine efficiencies can be improved, and the mass of the vehicle must be reduced. Other than that less over lighting, overheating, and overcooling of buildings and the recuperation of waste heat in industry could further reduce electricity and oil consumption. Converting solid or gaseous fuels into liquid fuels involves high cost and creates large amounts of greenhouse gases. There has long been enthusiasm for solar energy-generated hydrogen as an ideal, sustainable energy source. The use of hydrogen as a fuel for transportation and power generation presumes an extensive supply infrastructure. The power alcohol from sugar or cassava is also possible supplements as an alternative to oil for transportation but the cost of production is double or three times than petroleum. Future energy policy will be influenced as much by the environmental factors and by security of supply consideration as by technical developments. Energy supply authorities should also make a mandate for conservation rather than promotion of energy use. Sources of Renewable Energy The main renewable energy sources used are biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind. First the renewable energy hydropower is able to provide significant energy. Hydropower uses the energy of flowing water to turn the turbine, which rotates a generator to produce electricity. Wood leading biomass energy resources for power generation, because it is use as a boiler fuel in the lumber, pulp and paper industries. Furthermore, the municipal waste and agricultural waste plants are also the biomass generators. These plants use such diverse feedstock as sugarcane residue, rice hulls, rice straw, nut shells, crop residues, and pruning from orchards and vine yards. Passive solar energy for lighting and heating is probably the most effective energy sources. The passive solar energy system uses little mechanical hardware and required little or no electrical energy to respond. For simple application such as low and medium temperature water heating, space heating and commercial building the solar energy is use instead of fuel combustion. This able reduces costs and environment impact, provided the solar collectors are well design made. Furthermore, the electricity is able to generate in the solar thermal system that collect the thermal energy in solar radiation. Other than that direct conversion of solar energy to electricity is able to achieve by using the solid state photovoltaic cell. Wind energy had been used to pump water, grind grain and electricity generation. The best side to locate the wind turbine to generate electricity is in the mountain area. Wind turbine had been design in order to capture the windà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s energy, and usually the wind turbine mounted with two or three blade, and is mounted on the tower. To improve the turbine design, the blade have to be flex, and able to limit the speed of the blade. Ecological Studies Ecological studies include the result of resource consumption and the technology system come along, by looking into the need to move toward sustainability. Ozone layer is form by combination of 3 atoms of oxygen. In the stratosphere is make up 3km layer, and act as a layer to protect the living from ultraviolet radiation. Some chemical substances such as CFC are able to destroy the ozone layer, and causing the green house effect. The Earthà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s atmosphere able to absorbs the infrared radiation that coming from the sun, but not the visible light. Due to the energy radiated out by the earth in these two bands is adsorbed in the atmosphere and this heat is than reradiated and reflected back to the earth keeps it warm. Stabilizing human population pressure and limiting human consumption of nonrenewable resources are essential steps in moving towards global sustainability. Currently the world is facing the large human popularity problem, such as in India, and China. The government of China had limits each family to have one child only. Soil degradation is another problem that created by human activities. The main causes of this problem were overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practice. The destruction of the rainforest by building the hydroelectric power station has become an issue, deforestation had destroy the biological diversity natural habitat. Ecological problem such as soil degradation and rainforest destruction mostly cause by engineer. However as a creator of the problem, engineer should create solution by using technology to solve the problem. The disposal of radioactive and toxic material and also domestic, commercial, and industrial waste will be under the waste management category. All the domestic and industry waste need to be process separately. For example the plastic is separate from the waste stream, than sorting it, and finally only go to recycling. Sustainability The function of ecological sustainable development is to make the process of environment assessment become much wider as part of resource management, rather than each project is done individually. There are 5 sustainable development principle fix by the commonwealth government 1990. First is the integration of environmental and economic goal for all policy and activities. Second, ensuring that environmental assets are appropriately valued. Third, by providing for equity within and between generations. Fourth, dealing cautiously with risk and irreversibility. Fifth, recognizing the global dimensions and irreversibility. In order to counter the climate change problem, the country should adopt the national greenhouse response strategies. Cooperate between the government and industry is also needed. The Kyoto conference in 1997 target is to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of each country. Thing does not go as plan easily, many problem arise in which the constraints and requirements of available energy resources, ecological considerations, and the growth of the economy can appear to be mutually incompatible. Therefore the ecology, economics, and energy need to be reconciled as a ways to counter the problem. Conclusion As conclusion, both national and international levels should work together to develop the new technology to overcome the exciting problem. Engineers have a major responsibility for conservation of the natural and environment. On the other hand, industrial societies need to have a technology revolution that relies on renewable energy flows. Last but not lease, engineers should take the initiative to lead the interdisciplinary team to develop and move toward a sustainable environment.

How Plot, Setting and Characters Influence Readers Response Essay

How Plot, Setting and Characters Influence Readers Response The writer of a fiction text uses plot, setting and characters to create imagery and influence the reader's response to how the author wishes the reader to perceive a situation. This can be done through many methods, which include detailed descriptions of any settings, detail of weather, characters stereotypical of society and colour association. In the novel "Lord of the Flies" careful attention is payed to the way the in depth descriptions of the island was used to create imagery and pursuade the readers response. For example on page 14/15, there is much emphasis on the brightness and colour of the island. This influences the reader to think that the island is like a tropical paradise full of joy and happiness. Characters in fiction texts have characteristics that are described by the author and have certain features that all contribute to the 'characters profile'. Their profile can be built up using many methods as was done in "Lord of the Flies". Each of the main characters had a meaning to their name; for example Ralph's name was derived from the Anglo-Saxan language, meaning 'counsel'. Jack's name, Hebrew in origin means 'one who supplants', reflecting his use of force. Piggy's name parallels the wild pigs that are hunted on the island and also reflects his superior intellect. Simon's name comes from the Hebrew word, which means 'listener'. Roger's name, Germanic in origin means 'spear'. Characte...